Cron Jobs: Automate Everything While You Sleep

Overview

Cron jobs are the most powerful feature in OpenClaw, transforming your agent from a reactive chatbot into a proactive autonomous system. This guide covers everything from basic scheduling to advanced multi-step workflows that run automatically while you sleep.

Why Cron Jobs Are Essential

The Transformation

Without cron jobs:

Manual task execution
Agent waits for your commands
No different than using ChatGPT on your phone

With cron jobs:

Autonomous operation 24/7
Scheduled workflows execute automatically
Agent becomes a true AI employee

Real-World Impact

Example workflow:

6:00 AM - Collect Twitter intelligence from monitored accounts
7:00 AM - Generate daily briefing with analysis and trends
7:30 AM - Create presentation with findings
8:00 AM - Deliver to Discord/Slack

6:00 AM - Collect Twitter intelligence from monitored accounts
7:00 AM - Generate daily briefing with analysis and trends
7:30 AM - Create presentation with findings
8:00 AM - Deliver to Discord/Slack

Result: Wake up to a complete, researched briefing every morning

How Cron Jobs Work

Cron Syntax

Format: minute hour day month weekday

Examples:

0 7 * * *        → Every day at 7:00 AM
*/30 * * * *     → Every 30 minutes
0 9 * * 1-5      → Weekdays at 9:00 AM
0 0 1 * *        → First day of every month at midnight
0 */6 * * *      → Every 6 hours

0 7 * * *        → Every day at 7:00 AM
*/30 * * * *     → Every 30 minutes
0 9 * * 1-5      → Weekdays at 9:00 AM
0 0 1 * *        → First day of every month at midnight
0 */6 * * *      → Every 6 hours

Field Breakdown

Field	Values	Special Characters
Minute	0-59	`` (any), `/n` (every n), `n-m` (range)
Hour	0-23	`` (any), `/n` (every n), `n-m` (range)
Day	1-31	`` (any), `/n` (every n), `n-m` (range)
Month	1-12	`` (any), `/n` (every n), `n-m` (range)
Weekday	0-7 (0=Sun)	`*` (any), `n-m` (range), `1-5` (weekdays)

Common Patterns

Hourly:

0 * * * *        → Top of every hour
*/15 * * * *     → Every 15 minutes

0 * * * *        → Top of every hour
*/15 * * * *     → Every 15 minutes

Daily:

0 9 * * *        → 9:00 AM every day
30 14 * * *      → 2:30 PM every day

0 9 * * *        → 9:00 AM every day
30 14 * * *      → 2:30 PM every day

Weekly:

0 9 * * 1        → Monday at 9:00 AM
0 17 * * 5       → Friday at 5:00 PM

0 9 * * 1        → Monday at 9:00 AM
0 17 * * 5       → Friday at 5:00 PM

Monthly:

0 0 1 * *        → First day of month at midnight
0 9 15 * *       → 15th of every month at 9:00 AM

0 0 1 * *        → First day of month at midnight
0 9 15 * *       → 15th of every month at 9:00 AM

Creating Cron Jobs

Basic Creation

Method 1: Direct instruction

Create a cron job that runs every day at 7 AM to 
generate my daily briefing

Create a cron job that runs every day at 7 AM to 
generate my daily briefing

Method 2: Explicit syntax

Set up cron job: 0 7 * * *
Task: Execute skill daily_briefing

Set up cron job: 0 7 * * *
Task: Execute skill daily_briefing

Method 3: Natural language

Every morning at 6 AM, collect Twitter intelligence 
from my monitored accounts and save to memory

Every morning at 6 AM, collect Twitter intelligence 
from my monitored accounts and save to memory

Viewing Cron Jobs

List all jobs:

Show me my cron jobs

Show me my cron jobs

Expected output:

Active Cron Jobs:
1. Twitter Intelligence - 0 6 * * * (Every day at 6:00 AM)
2. Daily Briefing - 0 7 * * * (Every day at 7:00 AM)
3. Weekly Report - 0 9 * * 1 (Every Monday at 9:00 AM)

Active Cron Jobs:
1. Twitter Intelligence - 0 6 * * * (Every day at 6:00 AM)
2. Daily Briefing - 0 7 * * * (Every day at 7:00 AM)
3. Weekly Report - 0 9 * * 1 (Every Monday at 9:00 AM)

Modifying Cron Jobs

Update schedule:

Change the daily briefing cron job to run at 8 AM instead

Change the daily briefing cron job to run at 8 AM instead

Update task:

Update the Twitter intelligence job to also monitor 
@newaccount in addition to existing accounts

Update the Twitter intelligence job to also monitor 
@newaccount in addition to existing accounts

Disable temporarily:

Pause the weekly report cron job until next month

Pause the weekly report cron job until next month

Delete:

Remove the daily briefing cron job

Remove the daily briefing cron job

Advanced Cron Job Patterns

Multi-Step Workflows

Example: Research → Analysis → Presentation

markdown

# Daily Briefing Cron Job
Schedule: 0 7 * * *

## Step 1: Data Collection (6:00 AM)
Prerequisite cron: 0 6 * * *
- Execute skill: twitter_intelligence
- Execute skill: web_news_scraping
- Save results to memory/daily/

## Step 2: Analysis (7:00 AM)
This cron job
- Read collected data from memory
- Execute skill: identify_trends
- Execute skill: gap_analysis

## Step 3: Presentation (7:00 AM)
Same cron job, sequential
- Execute skill: create_briefing_presentation
- Include: trends, gaps, actionable insights
- Format: Web-accessible HTML

## Step 4: Delivery (7:00 AM)
Same cron job, final step
- Execute skill: send_to_discord
- Include: Presentation link, summary

# Daily Briefing Cron Job
Schedule: 0 7 * * *

## Step 1: Data Collection (6:00 AM)
Prerequisite cron: 0 6 * * *
- Execute skill: twitter_intelligence
- Execute skill: web_news_scraping
- Save results to memory/daily/

## Step 2: Analysis (7:00 AM)
This cron job
- Read collected data from memory
- Execute skill: identify_trends
- Execute skill: gap_analysis

## Step 3: Presentation (7:00 AM)
Same cron job, sequential
- Execute skill: create_briefing_presentation
- Include: trends, gaps, actionable insights
- Format: Web-accessible HTML

## Step 4: Delivery (7:00 AM)
Same cron job, final step
- Execute skill: send_to_discord
- Include: Presentation link, summary

Chained Cron Jobs

Pattern: Job A → Job B → Job C

Job A: 0 6 * * * - Collect data
Job B: 0 7 * * * - Analyze data (depends on Job A)
Job C: 0 8 * * * - Generate report (depends on Job B)

Job A: 0 6 * * * - Collect data
Job B: 0 7 * * * - Analyze data (depends on Job A)
Job C: 0 8 * * * - Generate report (depends on Job B)

Why chain instead of one job:

Isolate failures (if Job A fails, Jobs B & C don't run)
Easier debugging
Can run Job B/C manually if needed

Parallel Execution

Pattern: Multiple jobs at same time

Job 1: 0 6 * * * - Twitter intelligence
Job 2: 0 6 * * * - Web scraping
Job 3: 0 6 * * * - Documentation updates
Job 4: 0 7 * * * - Synthesize all results

Job 1: 0 6 * * * - Twitter intelligence
Job 2: 0 6 * * * - Web scraping
Job 3: 0 6 * * * - Documentation updates
Job 4: 0 7 * * * - Synthesize all results

Benefits:

Faster execution (parallel)
Independent failure domains
Easier to maintain

Note: Latest OpenClaw version handles parallel cron jobs correctly (older versions had conflicts)

Skills + Cron Jobs

The Power Combination

Cron jobs trigger skills for consistent, reliable execution

Example skill:

markdown

---
name: daily_briefing
description: Generates comprehensive daily briefing with research and analysis
---

# Daily Briefing Skill

## Data Sources
1. Twitter intelligence from memory/twitter/
2. Web news from memory/news/
3. Documentation updates from memory/docs/

## Analysis
- Identify top 5 trends
- Find gaps nobody is talking about
- Extract actionable insights

## Output Format
- HTML presentation
- Executive summary (3-5 bullets)
- Detailed findings (5-7 slides)
- Source links for all claims

## Delivery
- Post to Discord #daily-briefing channel
- Include direct link to presentation
- Mention @team if critical findings

---
name: daily_briefing
description: Generates comprehensive daily briefing with research and analysis
---

# Daily Briefing Skill

## Data Sources
1. Twitter intelligence from memory/twitter/
2. Web news from memory/news/
3. Documentation updates from memory/docs/

## Analysis
- Identify top 5 trends
- Find gaps nobody is talking about
- Extract actionable insights

## Output Format
- HTML presentation
- Executive summary (3-5 bullets)
- Detailed findings (5-7 slides)
- Source links for all claims

## Delivery
- Post to Discord #daily-briefing channel
- Include direct link to presentation
- Mention @team if critical findings

Cron job:

0 7 * * * Execute skill: daily_briefing

0 7 * * * Execute skill: daily_briefing

Result: Consistent, high-quality briefings every morning

Skill-Based Automation Benefits

Consistency:

Same process every time
No variation in quality
Predictable output format

Maintainability:

Update skill, not cron job
Test skill independently
Version control for skills

Reusability:

Run skill manually when needed
Use skill in other workflows
Share skills across agents

Testing Cron Jobs

Critical: Test Before Scheduling

Problem:

Schedule cron for 3 AM → Go to sleep → Wake up → Nothing happened

Schedule cron for 3 AM → Go to sleep → Wake up → Nothing happened

Solution: Test immediately

Step 1: Create test cron

Create a cron job that runs in 2 minutes to test my 
daily briefing workflow

Create a cron job that runs in 2 minutes to test my 
daily briefing workflow

Step 2: Monitor execution

Watch for cron job completion notification

Watch for cron job completion notification

Step 3: Verify output

Check if briefing was generated correctly
Review Discord/Slack for delivery
Confirm all data sources were accessed

Check if briefing was generated correctly
Review Discord/Slack for delivery
Confirm all data sources were accessed

Step 4: Fix issues

If failed: Debug and fix
If successful: Schedule for production time

If failed: Debug and fix
If successful: Schedule for production time

Common Test Failures

Failure 1: Missing API keys

Error: OpenAI API key not found
Solution: Verify API keys in all config files

Error: OpenAI API key not found
Solution: Verify API keys in all config files

Failure 2: Skill not found

Error: Skill 'daily_briefing' does not exist
Solution: Check skill file location and name

Error: Skill 'daily_briefing' does not exist
Solution: Check skill file location and name

Failure 3: Permission denied

Error: Cannot write to memory/daily/
Solution: Check file permissions

Error: Cannot write to memory/daily/
Solution: Check file permissions

Failure 4: Timeout

Error: Job exceeded 30 minute timeout
Solution: Optimize workflow or increase timeout

Error: Job exceeded 30 minute timeout
Solution: Optimize workflow or increase timeout

Configuration Issues

Time Zone Problems

Symptom: Cron runs at wrong time

Cause: Server time zone ≠ Your time zone

Diagnosis:

bash

# Check server time zone
date
timedatectl

# Check OpenClaw time zone
echo $TZ

# Check server time zone
date
timedatectl

# Check OpenClaw time zone
echo $TZ

Solution:

bash

# Set time zone
export TZ="America/New_York"

# Or in OpenClaw config
{
  "timezone": "America/New_York"
}

# Set time zone
export TZ="America/New_York"

# Or in OpenClaw config
{
  "timezone": "America/New_York"
}

Verify:

What time zone are you using for cron jobs?

What time zone are you using for cron jobs?

API Key Configuration

Problem: Cron jobs run in different environment than interactive sessions

Symptom: Works manually, fails in cron

Cause: API keys not available to cron environment

Solution for MiniMax:

Check all config locations:

bash

# 1. Main config
~/.openclaw/config.json

# 2. Provider config
~/.openclaw/providers/minimax.json

# 3. Auth profiles
~/.openclaw/auth/profiles.json

# 4. Environment variables
~/.openclaw/.env

# 1. Main config
~/.openclaw/config.json

# 2. Provider config
~/.openclaw/providers/minimax.json

# 3. Auth profiles
~/.openclaw/auth/profiles.json

# 4. Environment variables
~/.openclaw/.env

Ensure API key in ALL locations:

json

{
  "providers": {
    "minimax": {
      "api_key": "your-key-here"
    }
  }
}

{
  "providers": {
    "minimax": {
      "api_key": "your-key-here"
    }
  }
}

Verify:

Test my MiniMax API key configuration for cron jobs

Test my MiniMax API key configuration for cron jobs

Blocking Cron Jobs (Fixed in Latest Version)

Old problem: Multiple cron jobs would cancel each other

Symptom:

Job 1 starts at 6:00 AM
Job 2 starts at 6:05 AM
Job 1 gets cancelled

Job 1 starts at 6:00 AM
Job 2 starts at 6:05 AM
Job 1 gets cancelled

Solution: Update to latest OpenClaw version

Verify fix:

What version of OpenClaw am I running?

What version of OpenClaw am I running?

If old version:

bash

# Update OpenClaw
npm update -g openclaw
# or
pip install --upgrade openclaw

# Update OpenClaw
npm update -g openclaw
# or
pip install --upgrade openclaw

Notification and Reporting

Discord Integration

Setup:

Configure Discord webhook for cron job notifications
Webhook URL: https://discord.com/api/webhooks/...

Configure Discord webhook for cron job notifications
Webhook URL: https://discord.com/api/webhooks/...

Notification types:

- Job started
- Job completed
- Job failed
- Job output summary

- Job started
- Job completed
- Job failed
- Job output summary

Example notification:

🤖 Daily Briefing Complete

✅ Twitter intelligence: 47 tweets collected
✅ Web scraping: 23 articles analyzed
✅ Trends identified: 5 key themes
✅ Presentation generated: https://...

📊 Top Trend: GPT-5 announcement generating significant discussion

🤖 Daily Briefing Complete

✅ Twitter intelligence: 47 tweets collected
✅ Web scraping: 23 articles analyzed
✅ Trends identified: 5 key themes
✅ Presentation generated: https://...

📊 Top Trend: GPT-5 announcement generating significant discussion

Slack Integration

Setup:

Configure Slack webhook for cron job notifications
Webhook URL: https://hooks.slack.com/services/...
Channel: #ai-briefings

Configure Slack webhook for cron job notifications
Webhook URL: https://hooks.slack.com/services/...
Channel: #ai-briefings

Rich formatting:

json

{
  "blocks": [
    {
      "type": "header",
      "text": "Daily Briefing Ready"
    },
    {
      "type": "section",
      "text": "47 tweets analyzed, 5 trends identified"
    },
    {
      "type": "actions",
      "elements": [
        {
          "type": "button",
          "text": "View Presentation",
          "url": "https://..."
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

{
  "blocks": [
    {
      "type": "header",
      "text": "Daily Briefing Ready"
    },
    {
      "type": "section",
      "text": "47 tweets analyzed, 5 trends identified"
    },
    {
      "type": "actions",
      "elements": [
        {
          "type": "button",
          "text": "View Presentation",
          "url": "https://..."
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

Email Notifications

Setup:

Configure email notifications for cron job failures
Email: [email protected]
Send on: failure only

Configure email notifications for cron job failures
Email: [email protected]
Send on: failure only

Failure notification:

Subject: Cron Job Failed - Daily Briefing

Job: daily_briefing
Scheduled: 7:00 AM
Failed at: 7:03 AM
Error: Twitter API rate limit exceeded

Action required: Check API limits and retry

Subject: Cron Job Failed - Daily Briefing

Job: daily_briefing
Scheduled: 7:00 AM
Failed at: 7:03 AM
Error: Twitter API rate limit exceeded

Action required: Check API limits and retry

Advanced Use Cases

Use Case 1: Overnight Development

Scenario: Agent works on features while you sleep

Cron jobs:

0 23 * * * - Review codebase, identify improvements
0 0 * * *  - Implement feature from backlog
0 2 * * *  - Run tests and fix failures
0 4 * * *  - Code review and cleanup
0 6 * * *  - Generate progress report

0 23 * * * - Review codebase, identify improvements
0 0 * * *  - Implement feature from backlog
0 2 * * *  - Run tests and fix failures
0 4 * * *  - Code review and cleanup
0 6 * * *  - Generate progress report

Morning result:

New feature implemented
Tests passing
Code reviewed and cleaned
Progress report ready

Requirements:

Claude Code integration
Comprehensive test suite
Clear feature specifications in backlog

Use Case 2: Market Monitoring

Scenario: Track competitor activity and market trends

Cron jobs:

0 */6 * * * - Scrape competitor websites
0 8 * * *   - Analyze pricing changes
0 9 * * *   - Generate competitive intelligence report
0 10 * * 1  - Weekly trend analysis (Mondays only)

0 */6 * * * - Scrape competitor websites
0 8 * * *   - Analyze pricing changes
0 9 * * *   - Generate competitive intelligence report
0 10 * * 1  - Weekly trend analysis (Mondays only)

Deliverables:

Real-time competitor tracking
Pricing change alerts
Weekly strategic insights

Use Case 3: Content Pipeline

Scenario: Automated content research and drafting

Cron jobs:

0 6 * * *   - Research trending topics
0 8 * * *   - Draft 3 article outlines
0 10 * * *  - Generate first drafts
0 14 * * *  - Create social media posts

0 6 * * *   - Research trending topics
0 8 * * *   - Draft 3 article outlines
0 10 * * *  - Generate first drafts
0 14 * * *  - Create social media posts

Output:

Daily content ideas
Draft articles ready for editing
Social media content scheduled

Troubleshooting

"Cron job not running"

Diagnosis checklist:

Verify cron is scheduled:
List my cron jobs
List my cron jobs

Check time zone:

What time zone are you using?

What time zone are you using?

Test immediately:

Run the daily briefing cron job now

Run the daily briefing cron job now

Check logs:

Show me logs for the daily briefing cron job

Show me logs for the daily briefing cron job

Verify API keys:

Test API key configuration for cron environment

Test API key configuration for cron environment

"Cron runs but produces no output"

Possible causes:

Skill not found
- Check skill file exists
- Verify skill name matches
Data source unavailable
- API rate limits
- Network issues
- Authentication failures
Silent failure
- Check error logs
- Add explicit error handling to skill

Solution:

Add error logging to daily briefing skill:
- Log each step completion
- Log any failures with details
- Send notification on failure

Add error logging to daily briefing skill:
- Log each step completion
- Log any failures with details
- Send notification on failure

"Cron job times out"

Cause: Job takes longer than timeout limit

Solutions:

Increase timeout:

Set cron job timeout to 60 minutes for daily briefing

Set cron job timeout to 60 minutes for daily briefing

Optimize workflow:
- Use parallel sub-agents
- Cache intermediate results
- Reduce data processing

Split into multiple jobs:

Job 1: Data collection (fast)
Job 2: Analysis (medium)
Job 3: Presentation (fast)

Job 1: Data collection (fast)
Job 2: Analysis (medium)
Job 3: Presentation (fast)

"Notifications not received"

Discord/Slack webhook issues:

Verify webhook URL:

Test Discord webhook: https://discord.com/api/webhooks/...

Test Discord webhook: https://discord.com/api/webhooks/...

Check permissions:
- Webhook still active?
- Channel still exists?
- Bot has send permissions?

Test manually:

bash

curl -X POST "https://discord.com/api/webhooks/..." \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"content": "Test notification"}'

curl -X POST "https://discord.com/api/webhooks/..." \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"content": "Test notification"}'

Best Practices

1. Start Simple, Scale Up

Week 1:

One cron job: Daily briefing at 7 AM

One cron job: Daily briefing at 7 AM

Week 2:

Add: Twitter intelligence at 6 AM

Add: Twitter intelligence at 6 AM

Week 3:

Add: Weekly report on Mondays

Add: Weekly report on Mondays

Why: Easier to debug, less overwhelming

2. Test Every Job Before Scheduling

Never:

Schedule for 3 AM → Hope it works → Sleep

Schedule for 3 AM → Hope it works → Sleep

Always:

Schedule for 2 minutes from now → Verify → Then schedule production time

Schedule for 2 minutes from now → Verify → Then schedule production time

3. Monitor and Iterate

After first week:

Review all cron job outputs
Identify quality issues
Update skills to improve results
Adjust schedules if needed

4. Use Skills for Complex Logic

Bad:

Cron job with 50 lines of inline instructions

Cron job with 50 lines of inline instructions

Good:

Cron job: Execute skill daily_briefing
Skill: Contains all logic and instructions

Cron job: Execute skill daily_briefing
Skill: Contains all logic and instructions

5. Set Up Failure Notifications

Critical jobs:

Send email on failure
Send Discord notification on failure
Log detailed error information

Send email on failure
Send Discord notification on failure
Log detailed error information

Why: Know immediately when something breaks

6. Document Your Cron Jobs

Maintain a cron job registry:

markdown

# Cron Job Registry

## Daily Briefing
- Schedule: 0 7 * * *
- Purpose: Generate morning briefing with AI news
- Dependencies: Twitter intelligence (6 AM job)
- Notifications: Discord #daily-briefing
- Owner: @username

## Twitter Intelligence
- Schedule: 0 6 * * *
- Purpose: Collect tweets from monitored accounts
- Dependencies: None
- Notifications: None (silent unless failure)
- Owner: @username

# Cron Job Registry

## Daily Briefing
- Schedule: 0 7 * * *
- Purpose: Generate morning briefing with AI news
- Dependencies: Twitter intelligence (6 AM job)
- Notifications: Discord #daily-briefing
- Owner: @username

## Twitter Intelligence
- Schedule: 0 6 * * *
- Purpose: Collect tweets from monitored accounts
- Dependencies: None
- Notifications: None (silent unless failure)
- Owner: @username

Related Resources

Skills Optimization [blocked]
Sub-Agents [blocked]
Memory Management [blocked]

Duration: 8 minutes
Difficulty: Intermediate
Video Reference: OpenClaw Cron Jobs EXPLAINED